{"id":1026,"date":"2026-07-30T05:19:07","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T05:19:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/geumgangjeondo-vue-generale-du-mont-geumgangsan\/"},"modified":"2026-10-11T20:32:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T20:32:31","slug":"geumgangjeondo-vue-generale-du-mont-geumgangsan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/geumgangjeondo-vue-generale-du-mont-geumgangsan\/","title":{"rendered":"Geumgangjeondo \u2013 La montagne de Diamant, peinte en 1734 et inscrite \u00e0 l&rsquo;UNESCO \u00e0 Paris en 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\"><strong>Le 13 juillet 2025, \u00e0 Paris, au si\u00e8ge de l&rsquo;UNESCO, le mont Kumgang \u2013 le Geumgangsan des Cor\u00e9ens du Sud \u2013 est inscrit au patrimoine mondial. Cette montagne de granit, aujourd&rsquo;hui en Cor\u00e9e du Nord, est presque inaccessible \u00e0 la plupart des visiteurs \u00e9trangers et aux Sud-Cor\u00e9ens. Pour beaucoup, la meilleure mani\u00e8re de la \u00ab voir \u00bb reste un tableau peint en 1734 : le Geumgangjeondo, la \u00ab Vue g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du mont Geumgang \u00bb, de Jeong Seon. D&rsquo;un seul regard, il embrasse une montagne enti\u00e8re, ses douze mille pics l\u00e9gendaires, ses for\u00eats et ses temples, comme vus du ciel.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>En bref<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Artiste :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/artist\/jeong-seon\/\">Jeong Seon, dit Gyeomjae (1676-1759)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Date :<\/strong> hiver 1734, dixi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e du r\u00e8gne du roi Yeongjo<\/li>\n<li><strong>Titre cor\u00e9en :<\/strong> <em>Geumgang jeondo<\/em> (\uae08\uac15\uc804\ub3c4)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Technique :<\/strong> encre et couleurs l\u00e9g\u00e8res sur papier<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dimensions :<\/strong> environ 130,7 \u00d7 94,1 cm<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut :<\/strong> Tr\u00e9sor national de Cor\u00e9e du Sud n\u00b0 217, depuis le 6 ao\u00fbt 1984<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mouvement :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/movement\/joseon-art\/\">Art Joseon<\/a> \u2013 peinture de \u00ab paysage r\u00e9el \u00bb<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lieu de conservation :<\/strong> Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art, S\u00e9oul<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>La montagne de Diamant<\/h2>\n<p>Le mont Geumgang, la \u00ab montagne de Diamant \u00bb, s&rsquo;\u00e9tend sur la c\u00f4te est de la p\u00e9ninsule cor\u00e9enne. Ses pics de granit blanc, ses vall\u00e9es profondes, ses cascades et ses temples en ont fait, depuis plus de mille ans, le lieu de p\u00e8lerinage et de r\u00eaverie le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre de Cor\u00e9e. On disait qu&rsquo;il comptait \u00ab douze mille pics \u00bb. Po\u00e8tes et peintres r\u00eavaient d&rsquo;y aller ; tous ne le pouvaient pas.<\/p>\n<p>Jeong Seon, lui, y est all\u00e9, plusieurs fois. D\u00e8s 1711, il en rapporte un album de paysages. Le <em>Geumgangjeondo<\/em>, peint une vingtaine d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es plus tard, n&rsquo;est pas le croquis d&rsquo;un voyage : c&rsquo;est une synth\u00e8se, une vision de toute la partie int\u00e9rieure de la montagne, le Naegeumgang, r\u00e9unie sur une seule feuille.<\/p>\n<h2>Peindre un vrai paysage cor\u00e9en<\/h2>\n<p>Depuis des si\u00e8cles, les peintres lettr\u00e9s cor\u00e9ens imitaient les mod\u00e8les chinois et repr\u00e9sentaient des montagnes id\u00e9ales, souvent imaginaires \u2013 comme les cinq pics stylis\u00e9s de l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/irworobongdo-peinture-du-soleil-de-la-lune-et-des-cinq-pics\/\">Irworobongdo<\/a>, derri\u00e8re le tr\u00f4ne des rois. Jeong Seon rompt avec cette tradition. Il peint des lieux r\u00e9els de son pays, observ\u00e9s sur place : c&rsquo;est ce que l&rsquo;on appelle le <em>jingyeong sansu<\/em>, la \u00ab peinture de paysage r\u00e9el \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Cela ne veut pas dire qu&rsquo;il copie la nature comme un photographe. Il choisit, rassemble, r\u00e9organise ce qu&rsquo;il a vu, pour donner une image plus vraie que nature de la montagne. Le <em>Geumgangjeondo<\/em> combine plusieurs points de vue, comme si l&rsquo;on survolait la montagne en tournant autour d&rsquo;elle.<\/p>\n<h2>Symbolisme et d\u00e9tails \u00e0 observer<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Le cercle.<\/strong> La montagne enti\u00e8re s&rsquo;inscrit dans une forme presque ronde, comme un monde clos flottant dans le vide. Le ciel et le reste du paysage sont laiss\u00e9s blancs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les pics de granit.<\/strong> \u00c0 droite, des centaines de pics pointus, blancs, dress\u00e9s comme des cristaux, sont dessin\u00e9s par des traits verticaux rapides et r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s. C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;une des signatures de Jeong Seon : un pinceau \u00e9nergique, qui donne au granit une vibration presque \u00e9lectrique.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les collines bois\u00e9es.<\/strong> \u00c0 gauche, des collines plus douces, couvertes de for\u00eats, sont peintes \u00e0 l&rsquo;encre humide, en taches sombres et arrondies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Le yin et le yang.<\/strong> On a souvent lu cette opposition \u2013 pics rocheux clairs d&rsquo;un c\u00f4t\u00e9, collines de terre sombres de l&rsquo;autre \u2013 comme une image du yin et du yang, les deux principes compl\u00e9mentaires de la pens\u00e9e d&rsquo;Asie orientale. La composition enti\u00e8re \u00e9voquerait ainsi l&rsquo;harmonie du monde.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les temples et le chemin.<\/strong> Cherchez les petits b\u00e2timents nich\u00e9s dans les vall\u00e9es et le sentier qui serpente vers le centre : ce sont les monast\u00e8res bouddhiques et la route des p\u00e8lerins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L&rsquo;inscription.<\/strong> En haut \u00e0 droite, un po\u00e8me \u00e9voque les douze mille pics. Il a longtemps servi \u00e0 dater le tableau de 1734, quand Jeong Seon avait cinquante-neuf ans. Certains chercheurs pensent cependant que ce texte n&rsquo;est pas de sa main.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00c0 propos de Jeong Seon<\/h2>\n<p>Jeong Seon, dit Gyeomjae, na\u00eet en 1676 \u00e0 S\u00e9oul dans une famille de lettr\u00e9s appauvrie. Il devient l&rsquo;un des plus grands peintres de la dynastie Joseon et occupe des fonctions officielles. Il parcourt la Cor\u00e9e et en peint les montagnes, les rivi\u00e8res et les sites c\u00e9l\u00e8bres. Il peint encore \u00e0 plus de soixante-dix ans : en 1751, il r\u00e9alise l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/inwangjesaekdo-eclaircies-apres-la-pluie-sur-le-mont-inwang\/\">Inwangjesaekdo<\/a>, une vue du mont Inwang \u00e0 S\u00e9oul apr\u00e8s la pluie, son autre grand chef-d&rsquo;\u0153uvre. Il meurt en 1759.<\/p>\n<p>Son \u0153uvre appartient au XVIII<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle de Joseon, une \u00e9poque de renouveau culturel qui voit aussi na\u00eetre des objets d&rsquo;une simplicit\u00e9 parfaite, comme la <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/jarre-de-lune-en-porcelaine-blanche-joseon\/\">jarre de lune<\/a> en porcelaine blanche.<\/p>\n<h2>H\u00e9ritage et influence<\/h2>\n<p>Le <em>Geumgangjeondo<\/em> a fait de Jeong Seon le fondateur d&rsquo;une peinture authentiquement cor\u00e9enne et a inspir\u00e9 de nombreux peintres de la fin de la dynastie Joseon. Juste apr\u00e8s la lib\u00e9ration de la Cor\u00e9e, en 1945, le tableau est achet\u00e9 par Lee Byung-chul, fondateur du groupe Samsung, et rejoint plus tard les collections du mus\u00e9e Leeum.<\/p>\n<p>Il a pris aujourd&rsquo;hui une valeur particuli\u00e8re. Depuis 2008, les voyages touristiques sud-cor\u00e9ens vers le mont Geumgang sont interrompus, et la montagne se trouve de l&rsquo;autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 d&rsquo;une fronti\u00e8re ferm\u00e9e. Le tableau de Jeong Seon est devenu, pour beaucoup de Cor\u00e9ens, l&rsquo;image d&rsquo;un paysage commun et inaccessible. On pense, en Europe, \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont Friedrich recomposait les montagnes dans <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/le-voyageur-contemplant-une-mer-de-nuages\/\">Le Voyageur contemplant une mer de nuages<\/a>, ou aux vues du Fuji de Hokusai, comme <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/vent-frais-par-matin-clair-fuji-rouge\/\">Vent frais par matin clair<\/a> : une montagne r\u00e9elle, transform\u00e9e en vision.<\/p>\n<h2>Et en France ?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Une montagne inscrite \u00e0 Paris.<\/strong> C&rsquo;est \u00e0 Paris, au si\u00e8ge de l&rsquo;UNESCO, que le Comit\u00e9 du patrimoine mondial, r\u00e9uni pour sa 47<sup>e<\/sup> session, a inscrit le 13 juillet 2025 le \u00ab Mont Kumgang \u2013 montagne de Diamant depuis la mer \u00bb sur la liste du patrimoine mondial. Le comit\u00e9 a soulign\u00e9 un paysage culturel o\u00f9 se m\u00ealent des formes naturelles uniques et les traditions cor\u00e9ennes du p\u00e8lerinage et du culte des montagnes, avec ses nombreux temples bouddhiques. \u00c0 cette occasion, la presse cor\u00e9enne a rappel\u00e9 le tableau de Jeong Seon, la plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre image de la montagne.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L&rsquo;art cor\u00e9en \u00e0 Paris.<\/strong> Le mus\u00e9e national des arts asiatiques \u2013 Guimet conserve l&rsquo;une des plus anciennes collections d&rsquo;art cor\u00e9en d&rsquo;Europe, constitu\u00e9e \u00e0 la fin du XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, avec des peintures, des paravents et des c\u00e9ramiques de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Joseon. Nous \u00e9voquons aussi, dans notre article sur l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/irworobongdo-peinture-du-soleil-de-la-lune-et-des-cinq-pics\/\">Irworobongdo<\/a>, les archives royales cor\u00e9ennes longtemps conserv\u00e9es \u00e0 la Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France.<\/p>\n<h2>O\u00f9 voir l&rsquo;\u0153uvre aujourd&rsquo;hui<\/h2>\n<p>Le <em>Geumgangjeondo<\/em> appartient au <strong>Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art<\/strong>, \u00e0 S\u00e9oul, dans le quartier de Hannam-dong.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Il n&rsquo;est pas toujours expos\u00e9.<\/strong> Comme toutes les peintures sur papier, il est fragile et pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par p\u00e9riodes, parfois dans le cadre d&rsquo;expositions sp\u00e9ciales. V\u00e9rifiez sur le site du mus\u00e9e avant votre visite.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9servez en ligne :<\/strong> l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s aux collections se fait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sur r\u00e9servation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c0 S\u00e9oul,<\/strong> le Mus\u00e9e national de Cor\u00e9e pr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/inwangjesaekdo-eclaircies-apres-la-pluie-sur-le-mont-inwang\/\">Inwangjesaekdo<\/a> de Jeong Seon, ainsi que d&rsquo;autres chefs-d&rsquo;\u0153uvre comme le <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/bodhisattva-pensif-tresor-national-n-78\/\">Bodhisattva pensif<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La montagne elle-m\u00eame<\/strong> se trouve en Cor\u00e9e du Nord et reste ferm\u00e9e \u00e0 la plupart des visiteurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n<h3>O\u00f9 est conserv\u00e9 le Geumgangjeondo ?<\/h3>\n<p>Au Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art, \u00e0 S\u00e9oul. C&rsquo;est le Tr\u00e9sor national de Cor\u00e9e du Sud n\u00b0 217.<\/p>\n<h3>Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le mont Geumgang ?<\/h3>\n<p>Une cha\u00eene de montagnes de granit sur la c\u00f4te est de la Cor\u00e9e, aujourd&rsquo;hui en Cor\u00e9e du Nord, c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour ses \u00ab douze mille pics \u00bb. Elle est inscrite depuis juillet 2025 au patrimoine mondial de l&rsquo;UNESCO.<\/p>\n<h3>Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la \u00ab peinture de paysage r\u00e9el \u00bb ?<\/h3>\n<p>Un style invent\u00e9 par Jeong Seon : peindre des lieux r\u00e9els de Cor\u00e9e, observ\u00e9s sur place, plut\u00f4t que des montagnes id\u00e9ales copi\u00e9es des mod\u00e8les chinois.<\/p>\n<h3>Comment le tableau est-il compos\u00e9 ?<\/h3>\n<p>La montagne enti\u00e8re est inscrite dans une forme ronde, vue d&rsquo;en haut. Les pics de granit, \u00e0 droite, s&rsquo;opposent aux collines bois\u00e9es, \u00e0 gauche \u2013 une opposition souvent lue comme celle du yin et du yang.<\/p>\n<h3>Peut-on visiter le mont Geumgang ?<\/h3>\n<p>Il est aujourd&rsquo;hui presque inaccessible : les voyages des Sud-Cor\u00e9ens y sont interrompus depuis 2008.<\/p>\n<p>Jeong Seon a march\u00e9 dans la montagne de Diamant, puis il l&rsquo;a peinte d&rsquo;en haut, comme personne ne pouvait la voir, ronde comme un monde. Pr\u00e8s de trois si\u00e8cles plus tard, la montagne a \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrite au patrimoine de l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris, mais peu de gens peuvent encore s&rsquo;y rendre. Le tableau, lui, reste ouvert \u00e0 tous : douze mille pics sur une seule feuille de papier.<\/p>\n<p class=\"image-attribution\" style=\"font-size:0.85em;color:#666;\"><em>Image : Geumgangjeondo (Vue g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du mont Geumgang) \u2013 Jeong Seon, 1734, Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art, S\u00e9oul. Licence : domaine public. Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jeong_Seon-Geumgangjeondo.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le 13 juillet 2025, \u00e0 Paris, au si\u00e8ge de l&rsquo;UNESCO, le mont Kumgang \u2013 le Geumgangsan des Cor\u00e9ens du Sud \u2013 est inscrit au patrimoine mondial. Cette montagne de granit, aujourd&rsquo;hui en Cor\u00e9e du Nord, est presque inaccessible \u00e0 la plupart des visiteurs \u00e9trangers et aux Sud-Cor\u00e9ens. Pour beaucoup, la meilleure mani\u00e8re de la \u00ab&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[472],"tags":[4752,4759,4751,4758,4754,4757,4755,4753,4760,4756],"artist":[4749],"movement":[3188],"museum":[4750],"class_list":["post-1026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-peinture","tag-art-joseon","tag-dynastie-joseon","tag-jeong-seon","tag-jingyeong-sansuhwa","tag-mont-geumgangsan","tag-musee-national-de-coree","tag-paysage-coreen","tag-peinture-coreenne","tag-peinture-orientale","tag-tresor-national-coree","artist-jeong-seon","movement-joseon-art","museum-national-museum-of-korea-seoul"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Geumgangjeondo de Jeong Seon : la montagne de Diamant<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Geumgangjeondo de Jeong Seon (1734) peint le mont Geumgang d&#039;un seul regard. 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