{"id":1090,"date":"2026-08-04T08:10:20","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T08:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/bodhisattva-pensif-tresor-national-n-78\/"},"modified":"2026-10-11T20:48:14","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T20:48:14","slug":"bodhisattva-pensif-tresor-national-n-78","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/bodhisattva-pensif-tresor-national-n-78\/","title":{"rendered":"Bodhisattva pensif (ancien Tr\u00e9sor national n\u00b0 78) \u2013 La \u00ab Joconde \u00bb du mus\u00e9e de S\u00e9oul"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\"><strong>En 2021, le directeur du Mus\u00e9e national de Cor\u00e9e a annonc\u00e9 vouloir faire de deux petites statues de bronze dor\u00e9 ce que La Joconde est pour le Louvre : l&rsquo;\u0153uvre que tout le monde vient voir. Il leur a consacr\u00e9 une salle enti\u00e8re, plong\u00e9e dans la p\u00e9nombre, aux murs couverts de terre rouge, o\u00f9 elles sont seules. L&rsquo;une d&rsquo;elles, autrefois appel\u00e9e \u00ab Tr\u00e9sor national n\u00b0 78 \u00bb, a \u00e9t\u00e9 fondue \u00e0 la fin du VI<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. Elle repr\u00e9sente un bodhisattva assis, une jambe crois\u00e9e sur l&rsquo;autre, les doigts pr\u00e8s de la joue, plong\u00e9 dans ses pens\u00e9es. Depuis, la \u00ab salle de la contemplation \u00bb est devenue l&rsquo;un des lieux les plus visit\u00e9s de S\u00e9oul.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>En bref<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Artiste :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/artist\/unknown\/\">fondeur anonyme<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Date :<\/strong> fin du VI<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, p\u00e9riode des Trois Royaumes<\/li>\n<li><strong>Titre cor\u00e9en :<\/strong> <em>Geumdong mireuk bosal bangasayusang<\/em>, \u00ab Maitreya pensif en bronze dor\u00e9 \u00bb<\/li>\n<li><strong>Technique :<\/strong> bronze dor\u00e9<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hauteur :<\/strong> environ 83 cm<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut :<\/strong> Tr\u00e9sor national de Cor\u00e9e du Sud depuis d\u00e9cembre 1962 (anciennement n\u00b0 78)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mouvement :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/movement\/three-kingdoms-period\/\">P\u00e9riode des Trois Royaumes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Lieu de conservation :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/museum\/national-museum-of-korea-seoul\/\">Mus\u00e9e national de Cor\u00e9e, S\u00e9oul<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Un bodhisattva qui r\u00e9fl\u00e9chit<\/h2>\n<p>Un bodhisattva est, dans le bouddhisme, un \u00eatre \u00e9veill\u00e9 qui retarde son entr\u00e9e dans le nirvana pour aider les autres. Cette statue repr\u00e9sente probablement Maitreya, le Bouddha du futur, qui attend dans le ciel le moment de descendre sur terre pour sauver l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9. On l&rsquo;a repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans une posture particuli\u00e8re : assis sur un si\u00e8ge rond, la jambe droite crois\u00e9e sur le genou gauche, le coude droit appuy\u00e9 sur la cuisse, les doigts effleurant la joue.<\/p>\n<p>Ce n&rsquo;est pas une image de puissance, mais de pens\u00e9e. Le visage est calme, les yeux mi-clos, la bouche l\u00e9g\u00e8rement souriante. Cette posture, appel\u00e9e en cor\u00e9en <em>bangasayu<\/em>, la \u00ab pens\u00e9e en demi-lotus \u00bb, \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue dans le bouddhisme d&rsquo;Asie orientale au VI<sup>e<\/sup> et au VII<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<h2>Symbolisme et d\u00e9tails \u00e0 observer<\/h2>\n<p><strong>La couronne.<\/strong> Elle est haute et orn\u00e9e, avec un motif de soleil et de croissant de lune. C&rsquo;est ce qui distingue d&rsquo;abord cette statue de l&rsquo;autre bodhisattva pensif du mus\u00e9e, plus d\u00e9pouill\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Le haut et le bas.<\/strong> Le torse est presque nu, couvert seulement d&rsquo;une \u00e9toffe fine et de rubans qui retombent sur les \u00e9paules. En bas, au contraire, un drap\u00e9 \u00e9pais tombe en plis r\u00e9guliers sur le si\u00e8ge. Ce contraste entre la l\u00e9g\u00e8ret\u00e9 du haut et la richesse du bas donne \u00e0 la figure son \u00e9l\u00e9gance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La main.<\/strong> Les doigts de la main droite effleurent la joue sans s&rsquo;y appuyer. C&rsquo;est un geste suspendu, \u00e0 la fois naturel et irr\u00e9el.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Le sourire.<\/strong> \u00c0 peine esquiss\u00e9, il exprime une s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure. On l&rsquo;a souvent compar\u00e9 au sourire des statues grecques archa\u00efques, signe que la recherche d&rsquo;un visage id\u00e9al traverse les cultures.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La technique.<\/strong> La statue a \u00e9t\u00e9 fondue en bronze, d&rsquo;un seul jet, puis dor\u00e9e. Malgr\u00e9 quatorze si\u00e8cles, l&rsquo;or brille encore par endroits. Les parois du bronze sont minces et r\u00e9guli\u00e8res, ce qui t\u00e9moigne d&rsquo;une ma\u00eetrise technique exceptionnelle.<\/p>\n<h2>Silla ou Baekje ?<\/h2>\n<p>Au VI<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, la p\u00e9ninsule cor\u00e9enne est divis\u00e9e en trois royaumes : Goguryeo au nord, Baekje au sud-ouest et Silla au sud-est. Le bouddhisme, venu de Chine, y est adopt\u00e9 progressivement : \u00e0 Goguryeo en 372, \u00e0 Baekje en 384, puis \u00e0 Silla, officiellement, au VI<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. Les rois financent temples et statues.<\/p>\n<p>On ignore dans quel royaume cette statue a \u00e9t\u00e9 fondue. Son style a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapproch\u00e9 tour \u00e0 tour de Silla et de Baekje, et la question reste discut\u00e9e. On ne conna\u00eet pas davantage son lieu de d\u00e9couverte. Elle est entr\u00e9e dans les collections publiques en 1916, par un don au mus\u00e9e de l&rsquo;administration coloniale japonaise, et a rejoint apr\u00e8s la lib\u00e9ration le Mus\u00e9e national de Cor\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h2>Deux bodhisattvas pensifs<\/h2>\n<p>Le Mus\u00e9e national de Cor\u00e9e poss\u00e8de un second bodhisattva pensif en bronze dor\u00e9, autrefois num\u00e9rot\u00e9 \u00ab Tr\u00e9sor national n\u00b0 83 \u00bb. Dat\u00e9 du d\u00e9but du VII<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, il mesure 93,5 cm, ce qui en fait le plus grand connu de la p\u00e9riode des Trois Royaumes. Il porte une couronne simple et a un visage d&rsquo;adolescent. Il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 achet\u00e9 en 1912 par le mus\u00e9e de la famille royale cor\u00e9enne \u00e0 un antiquaire japonais.<\/p>\n<p>Pendant longtemps, les deux statues n&rsquo;ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9es ensemble qu&rsquo;en de rares occasions : en 1986, 2004 et 2015. Depuis novembre 2021, elles sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, de fa\u00e7on permanente, dans la \u00ab salle de la contemplation \u00bb. La m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, la Cor\u00e9e a abandonn\u00e9 la num\u00e9rotation de ses tr\u00e9sors nationaux : on ne parle donc plus officiellement de \u00ab n\u00b0 78 \u00bb et \u00ab n\u00b0 83 \u00bb, m\u00eame si ces num\u00e9ros restent dans l&rsquo;usage.<\/p>\n<h2>La salle de la contemplation<\/h2>\n<p>Con\u00e7ue par l&rsquo;architecte Choi Wook, la salle mesure 439 m\u00b2. On y entre par un long couloir sombre. Puis les deux statues apparaissent, isol\u00e9es sous un \u00e9clairage doux, sur fond de murs de terre rouge et sous un plafond l\u00e9g\u00e8rement inclin\u00e9. Il n&rsquo;y a presque rien d&rsquo;autre : pas de vitrine imposante, peu de textes. Le visiteur est invit\u00e9 \u00e0 s&rsquo;asseoir, \u00e0 ralentir, \u00e0 \u00ab se perdre dans ses pens\u00e9es \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Le succ\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 imm\u00e9diat. La salle est devenue l&rsquo;une des attractions les plus populaires de S\u00e9oul, et les reproductions miniatures des statues, vendues par la boutique du mus\u00e9e, sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement en rupture de stock. Le directeur du mus\u00e9e voulait que les bodhisattvas deviennent l&rsquo;ic\u00f4ne du mus\u00e9e, comme La Joconde au Louvre : le pari semble gagn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>H\u00e9ritage et influence<\/h2>\n<p>Le bodhisattva pensif est devenu l&rsquo;un des symboles de la culture cor\u00e9enne. Il est aussi \u00e9troitement li\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;art japonais. Une statue en bois tr\u00e8s proche, conserv\u00e9e au temple K\u014dry\u016b-ji, \u00e0 Kyoto, est souvent rapproch\u00e9e des mod\u00e8les cor\u00e9ens, et sa parent\u00e9 avec la statue de S\u00e9oul fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreux d\u00e9bats sur les \u00e9changes entre la p\u00e9ninsule et l&rsquo;archipel \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque. Le philosophe allemand Karl Jaspers a d&rsquo;ailleurs vu dans la statue de Kyoto l&rsquo;une des plus parfaites expressions de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 humaine.<\/p>\n<h2>Et en France ?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>La Joconde de S\u00e9oul.<\/strong> C&rsquo;est en pensant au Louvre que le Mus\u00e9e national de Cor\u00e9e a con\u00e7u la salle de la contemplation : faire d&rsquo;une \u0153uvre l&rsquo;image d&rsquo;un mus\u00e9e, comme <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/la-joconde\/\">La Joconde<\/a> \u00e0 Paris. Mais l\u00e0 o\u00f9 La Joconde attire les foules dans une salle bruyante, le bodhisattva pensif est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans le silence, pour inviter chacun \u00e0 ralentir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Deux penseurs.<\/strong> Pour un visiteur fran\u00e7ais, la comparaison avec <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/le-penseur\/\">Le Penseur<\/a> de Rodin est tentante. Les deux figures sont assises, la main pr\u00e8s du visage, absorb\u00e9es dans leurs pens\u00e9es. Mais tout les oppose : le Penseur de Rodin est un corps d&rsquo;athl\u00e8te, tendu par l&rsquo;effort ; le bodhisattva cor\u00e9en est l\u00e9ger, d\u00e9tendu, souriant. L&rsquo;un pense en luttant, l&rsquo;autre en se laissant aller.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L&rsquo;art bouddhique \u00e0 Paris.<\/strong> Le mus\u00e9e national des arts asiatiques \u2013 Guimet pr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;une des plus importantes collections d&rsquo;art bouddhique d&rsquo;Asie en Europe, dont des \u0153uvres cor\u00e9ennes, et permet de d\u00e9couvrir les formes du bouddhisme d&rsquo;Asie orientale.<\/p>\n<h2>O\u00f9 voir l&rsquo;\u0153uvre aujourd&rsquo;hui<\/h2>\n<p>Le bodhisattva pensif est expos\u00e9 au <strong>Mus\u00e9e national de Cor\u00e9e<\/strong>, \u00e0 S\u00e9oul, dans la salle de la contemplation, au deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9tage de la galerie permanente.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Acc\u00e8s :<\/strong> station Ichon (ligne 4 et ligne Gyeongui-Jungang du m\u00e9tro de S\u00e9oul). L&rsquo;entr\u00e9e aux collections permanentes est gratuite.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Affluence :<\/strong> le nombre de personnes admises dans la salle peut \u00eatre limit\u00e9 aux heures de pointe. Venez t\u00f4t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prenez le temps :<\/strong> faites le tour des deux statues ; leurs profils et leurs dos sont aussi beaux que leurs visages.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dans le m\u00eame mus\u00e9e :<\/strong> la <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/jarre-de-lune-en-porcelaine-blanche-joseon\/\">jarre de lune<\/a> de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Joseon et l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/inwangjesaekdo-eclaircies-apres-la-pluie-sur-le-mont-inwang\/\">Inwangjesaekdo<\/a> de Jeong Seon, lorsqu&rsquo;il est expos\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n<h3>Que repr\u00e9sente le bodhisattva pensif ?<\/h3>\n<p>Probablement Maitreya, le Bouddha du futur, assis en m\u00e9ditation dans l&rsquo;attente de sa descente sur terre.<\/p>\n<h3>De quand date-t-il ?<\/h3>\n<p>De la fin du VI<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, pendant la p\u00e9riode des Trois Royaumes de Cor\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h3>Pourquoi parle-t-on d&rsquo;\u00ab ancien Tr\u00e9sor national n\u00b0 78 \u00bb ?<\/h3>\n<p>La statue a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9e Tr\u00e9sor national en d\u00e9cembre 1962 sous le num\u00e9ro 78. En 2021, la Cor\u00e9e a supprim\u00e9 la num\u00e9rotation de ses tr\u00e9sors nationaux, mais l&rsquo;usage du num\u00e9ro persiste.<\/p>\n<h3>Quelle diff\u00e9rence avec le \u00ab n\u00b0 83 \u00bb ?<\/h3>\n<p>Le second bodhisattva pensif, du d\u00e9but du VII<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, est plus grand (93,5 cm), porte une couronne simple et a un visage plus jeune. Les deux sont expos\u00e9s ensemble depuis 2021.<\/p>\n<h3>O\u00f9 voir la statue ?<\/h3>\n<p>Au Mus\u00e9e national de Cor\u00e9e, \u00e0 S\u00e9oul, dans la salle de la contemplation, avec entr\u00e9e gratuite.<\/p>\n<p>Il y a quatorze si\u00e8cles, un fondeur dont on ignore le nom a fait d&rsquo;un geste \u2013 des doigts pr\u00e8s d&rsquo;une joue \u2013 une image de la pens\u00e9e. Aujourd&rsquo;hui, dans une salle sombre de S\u00e9oul, des milliers de visiteurs s&rsquo;assoient devant lui sans rien dire. Le bodhisattva continue de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir ; et, pour quelques minutes, ceux qui le regardent font de m\u00eame.<\/p>\n<p class=\"image-attribution\" style=\"font-size:0.85em;color:#666;\"><em>Image : Bodhisattva pensif (ancien Tr\u00e9sor national n\u00b0 78) \u2013 fin du VI<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Mus\u00e9e national de Cor\u00e9e, S\u00e9oul. Licence : domaine public. Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pensive_Bodhisattva_(National_Treasure_No._78)_01.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En 2021, le directeur du Mus\u00e9e national de Cor\u00e9e a annonc\u00e9 vouloir faire de deux petites statues de bronze dor\u00e9 ce que La Joconde est pour le Louvre : l&rsquo;\u0153uvre que tout le monde vient voir. Il leur a consacr\u00e9 une salle enti\u00e8re, plong\u00e9e dans la p\u00e9nombre, aux murs couverts de terre rouge, o\u00f9 elles&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1085,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1620],"tags":[4909,4949,4907,4910,4757,4908,5006,5007,4911,5008],"artist":[1704],"movement":[4904],"museum":[4750],"class_list":["post-1090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sculpture","tag-art-bouddhique","tag-art-coreen-ancien","tag-bronze-dore","tag-maitreya","tag-musee-national-de-coree","tag-periode-des-trois-royaumes","tag-sculpture-bouddhique-coreenne","tag-seoul","tag-tresor-national-de-coree","tag-vie-siecle","artist-unknown","movement-three-kingdoms-period","museum-national-museum-of-korea-seoul"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bodhisattva pensif : la \u00ab Joconde \u00bb du mus\u00e9e de S\u00e9oul<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Bodhisattva pensif (ex-Tr\u00e9sor national n\u00b0 78), bronze dor\u00e9 du VIe si\u00e8cle, m\u00e9dite dans la \u00ab salle de la contemplation \u00bb de S\u00e9oul.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/bodhisattva-pensif-tresor-national-n-78\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bodhisattva pensif : la \u00ab Joconde \u00bb du mus\u00e9e de S\u00e9oul\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le Bodhisattva pensif (ex-Tr\u00e9sor national n\u00b0 78), bronze dor\u00e9 du VIe si\u00e8cle, m\u00e9dite dans la \u00ab salle de la contemplation \u00bb de S\u00e9oul.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/bodhisattva-pensif-tresor-national-n-78\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ArtworkPost.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-04T08:10:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-11T20:48:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Pensive_Bodhisattva_28National_Treasure_No._7829_01.jpgutm_sourcecommons.wikimedia.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1201\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dominik Szobak\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" 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