{"id":684,"date":"2026-07-10T16:17:13","date_gmt":"2026-07-10T16:17:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/irworobongdo-peinture-du-soleil-de-la-lune-et-des-cinq-pics\/"},"modified":"2026-10-09T14:23:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T14:23:05","slug":"irworobongdo-peinture-du-soleil-de-la-lune-et-des-cinq-pics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/irworobongdo-peinture-du-soleil-de-la-lune-et-des-cinq-pics\/","title":{"rendered":"Irworobongdo (Peinture du Soleil, de la Lune et des Cinq Pics) \u2013 Le paysage qui faisait du roi un cosmos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\"><strong>Sous la dynastie Joseon, qui a r\u00e9gn\u00e9 sur la Cor\u00e9e de 1392 \u00e0 1910, le roi n&rsquo;apparaissait jamais seul. Derri\u00e8re son tr\u00f4ne se dressait toujours le m\u00eame paysage : un soleil rouge, une lune blanche, cinq montagnes, des cascades et des pins. Ce paravent, l&rsquo;Irworobongdo, faisait du souverain le centre d&rsquo;un univers ordonn\u00e9. On l&rsquo;installait dans les salles du tr\u00f4ne, derri\u00e8re les portraits royaux et m\u00eame lors des fun\u00e9railles. Aujourd&rsquo;hui, chaque Cor\u00e9en l&rsquo;a dans son portefeuille : il figure, derri\u00e8re le roi Sejong, sur le billet de 10 000 wons.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>En bref<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Artistes :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/artist\/unknown\/\">peintres anonymes de la cour<\/a> (bureau royal des peintres, <em>Dohwaseo<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Date :<\/strong> les exemplaires conserv\u00e9s datent pour la plupart des XVIII<sup>e<\/sup> et XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cles<\/li>\n<li><strong>Titre cor\u00e9en :<\/strong> <em>Irworobongdo<\/em> (\uc77c\uc6d4\uc624\ubd09\ub3c4, \u65e5\u6708\u4e94\u5cef\u5716) ; aussi appel\u00e9 <em>Irwoldo<\/em> ou <em>Irwolgonryundo<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Technique :<\/strong> couleurs min\u00e9rales sur soie, mont\u00e9es en paravent pliant<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dimensions :<\/strong> variables selon les paravents, certains atteignant plusieurs m\u00e8tres<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mouvement :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/movement\/joseon-art\/\">Art Joseon<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Lieu de conservation :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/museum\/national-palace-museum-of-korea-seoul\/\">Mus\u00e9e national du Palais de Cor\u00e9e, S\u00e9oul<\/a>, et salles du tr\u00f4ne des palais de S\u00e9oul<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Le paysage du pouvoir<\/h2>\n<p>Partout o\u00f9 le roi si\u00e9geait officiellement, l&rsquo;Irworobongdo l&rsquo;accompagnait. Dans la grande salle du tr\u00f4ne du palais de Gyeongbokgung comme dans celle de Changdeokgung, le paravent se dresse derri\u00e8re le si\u00e8ge royal. On le pla\u00e7ait aussi derri\u00e8re les portraits des rois et lors des rites fun\u00e9raires. Le paysage n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas un d\u00e9cor, mais un cadre : il faisait appara\u00eetre le souverain au centre du monde.<\/p>\n<p>Il n&rsquo;existe pas un seul Irworobongdo, mais de nombreux paravents, peints au fil des si\u00e8cles par les peintres de la cour selon une composition presque immuable. La plus ancienne mention \u00e9crite connue de leur usage au palais date du milieu du XVII<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, mais il est possible qu&rsquo;ils aient \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s plus t\u00f4t. Les exemplaires qui nous sont parvenus datent surtout des XVIII<sup>e<\/sup> et XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cles.<\/p>\n<h2>Un po\u00e8me en image<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;Irworobongdo est souvent rapproch\u00e9 d&rsquo;un po\u00e8me du <em>Shijing<\/em>, le <em>Classique des vers<\/em>, l&rsquo;un des grands textes confuc\u00e9ens. Dans ce chant, intitul\u00e9 <em>Tianbao<\/em> (en cor\u00e9en <em>Cheonbo<\/em>), on souhaite au souverain la protection du Ciel et une long\u00e9vit\u00e9 comparable \u00e0 la lune qui cro\u00eet, au soleil qui se l\u00e8ve, aux montagnes et aux collines, aux pins et aux cypr\u00e8s toujours verts. Tous ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments se retrouvent dans le paravent.<\/p>\n<p>Le paysage peint est donc une pri\u00e8re et une affirmation : le roi, prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par le Ciel, garantit l&rsquo;harmonie du monde. Le n\u00e9o-confucianisme, devenu l&rsquo;id\u00e9ologie officielle de la dynastie Joseon, faisait du souverain l&rsquo;interm\u00e9diaire entre le Ciel, la Terre et les hommes.<\/p>\n<h2>Symbolisme et d\u00e9tails \u00e0 observer<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Le soleil et la lune.<\/strong> En haut, de part et d&rsquo;autre, un disque rouge et un disque blanc. On les interpr\u00e8te souvent comme le yang et le yin, le principe masculin et le principe f\u00e9minin \u2013 et parfois comme le roi et la reine. D&rsquo;autres y voient simplement l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre de l&rsquo;univers sous la protection du Ciel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les cinq pics.<\/strong> Au centre, cinq montagnes aux formes stylis\u00e9es, la plus haute au milieu. Elles \u00e9voquent l&rsquo;ordre du monde et les cinq \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la pens\u00e9e chinoise et cor\u00e9enne. Le nom <em>Irwolgonryundo<\/em> les rattache au mont Kunlun, montagne mythique de la cosmologie chinoise.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les pins rouges.<\/strong> De part et d&rsquo;autre des montagnes, des pins aux troncs rouges, symboles de long\u00e9vit\u00e9 et de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L&rsquo;eau.<\/strong> Deux cascades descendent des montagnes, et en bas, des vagues stylis\u00e9es, en \u00e9cailles r\u00e9guli\u00e8res, occupent toute la largeur. L&rsquo;eau repr\u00e9sente la vie et la continuit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La sym\u00e9trie.<\/strong> Tout est presque parfaitement sym\u00e9trique, de part et d&rsquo;autre du pic central, au-dessus duquel se trouve, en pratique, la t\u00eate du roi assis. L&rsquo;image ne cherche pas \u00e0 imiter la nature : elle affirme un ordre.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les couleurs.<\/strong> Bleus et verts min\u00e9raux, rouges, blancs et ors, pos\u00e9s en aplats \u00e9clatants. Le paravent devait \u00eatre lisible de loin, au fond d&rsquo;une grande salle.<\/p>\n<h2>Les peintres sans nom<\/h2>\n<p>Les Irworobongdo \u00e9taient r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par les peintres du <em>Dohwaseo<\/em>, le bureau royal des peintres, charg\u00e9 de produire les portraits des rois, les d\u00e9cors du palais et les illustrations des grandes c\u00e9r\u00e9monies. Ces artistes, tr\u00e8s qualifi\u00e9s, ne signaient pas ces \u0153uvres de cour : elles appartenaient \u00e0 l&rsquo;institution royale plus qu&rsquo;\u00e0 un individu. On ne conna\u00eet donc pas l&rsquo;auteur d&rsquo;un paravent donn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Le m\u00eame royaume a pourtant vu na\u00eetre de grands peintres connus par leur nom, comme Jeong Seon, auteur du <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/geumgangjeondo-vue-generale-du-mont-geumgangsan\/\">Geumgangjeondo<\/a> et de l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/inwangjesaekdo-eclaircies-apres-la-pluie-sur-le-mont-inwang\/\">Inwangjesaekdo<\/a>, qui peignait de vraies montagnes cor\u00e9ennes \u2013 \u00e0 l&rsquo;oppos\u00e9 des pics id\u00e9aux de l&rsquo;Irworobongdo.<\/p>\n<h2>H\u00e9ritage et restauration<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;Irworobongdo est devenu l&rsquo;une des images les plus embl\u00e9matiques de la Cor\u00e9e. Depuis 2007, il figure sur le billet de 10 000 wons, derri\u00e8re le portrait du roi Sejong, le souverain qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 l&rsquo;alphabet cor\u00e9en.<\/p>\n<p>Les paravents conserv\u00e9s sont fragiles. En 2022, les autorit\u00e9s cor\u00e9ennes du patrimoine ont achev\u00e9, apr\u00e8s six ann\u00e9es de travaux commenc\u00e9s en 2016, la restauration de l&rsquo;Irworobongdo du milieu du XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle provenant de l&rsquo;Injeongjeon, la salle du tr\u00f4ne du palais de Changdeokgung. Les chercheurs ont analys\u00e9 chaque \u00e9l\u00e9ment \u2013 cadre, pigments, papiers de doublage \u2013 pour le rendre \u00e0 son \u00e9tat d&rsquo;origine.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;image inspire aussi les artistes d&rsquo;aujourd&rsquo;hui : en 2022, une installation num\u00e9rique monumentale d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;Irworobongdo a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e au palais de Changgyeonggung, \u00e0 S\u00e9oul. Comme le rouleau chinois de <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/la-fete-de-qingming-au-bord-de-la-riviere\/\">La F\u00eate de Qingming au bord de la rivi\u00e8re<\/a>, c&rsquo;est une \u0153uvre de cour devenue un symbole national.<\/p>\n<h2>Et en France ?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Les archives royales emport\u00e9es en 1866.<\/strong> L&rsquo;histoire de la cour de Joseon a un lien particulier avec la France. En 1866, en repr\u00e9sailles \u00e0 l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution de missionnaires catholiques fran\u00e7ais, une exp\u00e9dition navale fran\u00e7aise attaque l&rsquo;\u00eele de Ganghwa, pr\u00e8s de S\u00e9oul. Les marins incendient la biblioth\u00e8que royale de l&rsquo;\u00eele et emportent environ trois cents volumes de <em>uigwe<\/em>, les protocoles illustr\u00e9s des grandes c\u00e9r\u00e9monies de la cour. Ces livres, peints par les m\u00eames peintres de cour que ceux qui r\u00e9alisaient les Irworobongdo, montrent souvent le roi et son tr\u00f4ne lors des rites.<\/p>\n<p>Conserv\u00e9s pendant plus d&rsquo;un si\u00e8cle \u00e0 la Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France, ces volumes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s en 1975 par une historienne cor\u00e9enne qui y travaillait, Park Byeong-seon. Apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies de n\u00e9gociations, 297 volumes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rendus \u00e0 la Cor\u00e9e en 2011, sous la forme d&rsquo;un pr\u00eat renouvelable. Ils sont aujourd&rsquo;hui conserv\u00e9s au Mus\u00e9e national du Palais de Cor\u00e9e \u2013 le m\u00eame mus\u00e9e qui expose les Irworobongdo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L&rsquo;art cor\u00e9en \u00e0 Paris.<\/strong> Le mus\u00e9e national des arts asiatiques \u2013 Guimet, \u00e0 Paris, poss\u00e8de l&rsquo;une des plus anciennes collections d&rsquo;art cor\u00e9en en Europe, constitu\u00e9e d\u00e8s la fin du XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, avec des peintures, des paravents et des c\u00e9ramiques de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Joseon.<\/p>\n<h2>O\u00f9 voir l&rsquo;\u0153uvre aujourd&rsquo;hui<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Mus\u00e9e national du Palais de Cor\u00e9e<\/strong>, situ\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;enceinte du palais de Gyeongbokgung, \u00e0 S\u00e9oul, conserve plusieurs Irworobongdo et les objets de la cour de Joseon.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Acc\u00e8s :<\/strong> station Gyeongbokgung (ligne 3 du m\u00e9tro de S\u00e9oul).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Entr\u00e9e :<\/strong> l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s au mus\u00e9e est gratuit ; v\u00e9rifiez les horaires et les jours de fermeture sur son site.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dans les palais :<\/strong> on peut voir des Irworobongdo derri\u00e8re les tr\u00f4nes des grandes salles, notamment au Geunjeongjeon de Gyeongbokgung et \u00e0 l&rsquo;Injeongjeon de Changdeokgung. Le palais de Gyeongbokgung est ferm\u00e9 le mardi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le Mus\u00e9e national de Cor\u00e9e,<\/strong> \u00e0 quelques stations de m\u00e9tro, conserve d&rsquo;autres chefs-d&rsquo;\u0153uvre de l&rsquo;art cor\u00e9en, comme le <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/bodhisattva-pensif-tresor-national-n-78\/\">Bodhisattva pensif<\/a> et la <a href=\"https:\/\/artworkpost.com\/fr\/jarre-de-lune-en-porcelaine-blanche-joseon\/\">jarre de lune<\/a> de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque Joseon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n<h3>Que signifie \u00ab Irworobongdo \u00bb ?<\/h3>\n<p>\u00ab Peinture du soleil, de la lune et des cinq pics \u00bb : <em>il<\/em> (soleil), <em>wol<\/em> (lune), <em>o<\/em> (cinq), <em>bong<\/em> (pics), <em>do<\/em> (peinture).<\/p>\n<h3>Pourquoi le paravent \u00e9tait-il plac\u00e9 derri\u00e8re le tr\u00f4ne ?<\/h3>\n<p>Il faisait appara\u00eetre le roi comme le centre d&rsquo;un univers ordonn\u00e9, prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par le Ciel. On le pla\u00e7ait derri\u00e8re le tr\u00f4ne, derri\u00e8re les portraits royaux et lors des rites fun\u00e9raires.<\/p>\n<h3>Qui a peint l&rsquo;Irworobongdo ?<\/h3>\n<p>Des peintres anonymes du bureau royal des peintres, le <em>Dohwaseo<\/em>. Il existe de nombreux paravents, r\u00e9alis\u00e9s \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9poques.<\/p>\n<h3>O\u00f9 voit-on l&rsquo;Irworobongdo aujourd&rsquo;hui en Cor\u00e9e ?<\/h3>\n<p>Au Mus\u00e9e national du Palais de Cor\u00e9e, dans les salles du tr\u00f4ne des palais de S\u00e9oul, et sur le billet de 10 000 wons, derri\u00e8re le roi Sejong.<\/p>\n<h3>Quel lien avec la France ?<\/h3>\n<p>Des archives royales illustr\u00e9es de Joseon, les <em>uigwe<\/em>, emport\u00e9es par la marine fran\u00e7aise en 1866 et conserv\u00e9es \u00e0 la Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rendues \u00e0 la Cor\u00e9e en 2011 sous forme de pr\u00eat renouvelable. Elles sont aujourd&rsquo;hui au Mus\u00e9e national du Palais de Cor\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Pendant des si\u00e8cles, aucun roi de Cor\u00e9e n&rsquo;a si\u00e9g\u00e9 sans ce paysage derri\u00e8re lui : un soleil, une lune, cinq montagnes. Le tr\u00f4ne est vide aujourd&rsquo;hui, mais le paravent est toujours l\u00e0 \u2013 et chaque billet de 10 000 wons rappelle encore le monde parfait qu&rsquo;il promettait au souverain.<\/p>\n<p class=\"image-attribution\" style=\"font-size:0.85em;color:#666;\"><em>Image : Irworobongdo (Peinture du Soleil, de la Lune et des Cinq Pics) \u2013 peintres de cour de la dynastie Joseon. Licence : domaine public. Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Irworobongdo.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sous la dynastie Joseon, qui a r\u00e9gn\u00e9 sur la Cor\u00e9e de 1392 \u00e0 1910, le roi n&rsquo;apparaissait jamais seul. Derri\u00e8re son tr\u00f4ne se dressait toujours le m\u00eame paysage : un soleil rouge, une lune blanche, cinq montagnes, des cascades et des pins. Ce paravent, l&rsquo;Irworobongdo, faisait du souverain le centre d&rsquo;un univers ordonn\u00e9. On l&rsquo;installait&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":679,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[472],"tags":[4841,3190,4759,3197,3196,3195,3193,3192,3198,3194],"artist":[1704],"movement":[3188],"museum":[3189],"class_list":["post-684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-peinture","tag-art-asiatique","tag-art-coreen","tag-dynastie-joseon","tag-gyeongbokgung","tag-iconographie-royale","tag-musee-national-du-palais-de-coree","tag-paravent-coreen","tag-peinture-de-cour","tag-peinture-traditionnelle-coreenne","tag-symbolisme-royal","artist-unknown","movement-joseon-art","museum-national-palace-museum-of-korea-seoul"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Irworobongdo : le paravent qui faisait du roi un cosmos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L&#039;Irworobongdo, paravent du Soleil, de la Lune et des Cinq Pics, se dressait derri\u00e8re le tr\u00f4ne des rois de Cor\u00e9e. 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