19th century painting

  • Olympia

    For a century and a half the second woman in this painting had no name. Manet knew it — he wrote it in a notebook: Laure, a model who lived on the rue de Vintimille. He painted her three times. Yet catalogues described her for generations only as “the servant,” and her face was routinely…

  • The Bedroom

    Here is a striking fact that stops most visitors cold: when Vincent van Gogh painted The Bedroom, he was so exhausted from work and illness that he intended the painting to rest the mind — yet the result is one of the most psychologically charged rooms in all of Western art. Quick Facts Artist: Vincent…

  • The Second of May 1808

    In 1938, during the Spanish Civil War, a lorry carrying the Prado’s two great Goya canvases of 1808 crashed at Benicarló, on the Mediterranean coast. The Second of May, travelling on its stretcher, was torn into several pieces. It was patched together provisionally, but some fragments could not be put back, and for seventy years…

  • Whistler’s Mother

    Whistler pawned this painting. In 1878 he sued the critic John Ruskin for libel and won — and the court awarded him one farthing, the smallest coin in circulation, with no costs. The case ruined him. He declared bankruptcy the following year and put his mother’s portrait up as security against his debts. Quick Facts…

  • The Scream

    Most people recognize The Scream instantly — but almost nobody knows that Edvard Munch was inspired to paint it after watching the sky turn blood-red during a real evening walk, an effect often attributed to the atmospheric fallout from the catastrophic 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. Quick Facts Artist: Edvard Munch Year: 1893 Medium: Oil, tempera,…

  • The Starry Night

    Most people don’t realize that when Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night in June 1889, he was doing so from the confines of a psychiatric asylum — and that the tranquil, swirling village below those famous heavens never actually existed. Quick Facts Artist: Vincent van Gogh Year: 1889 Medium: Oil on canvas Dimensions: 73.7…